Section 01
Where the problem happens
Define the service failure before selecting infrastructure.
Cross-connections and damaged pipes can contaminate drinking water.
Sewage entering storm drains reduces treatment and flood capacity.
Required local context
Record state, district, city/block, village/ward or supply zone; season and date; source or asset; affected users; observed service; measurement or sample method; photo/document where safe; and uncertainty. Never imply 100-metre accuracy unless the evidence genuinely supports it.
Data reference table
Evidence Snapshot
Read each value with its reporting period, population and limitations. A historical national reference is not a local baseline or proof that an IFT proposal works.
1 source-linked reference record. 3 measurement records still need data and a review of their relevance.
| Signal | Reference Value | Period / Population | How to Read It | Source Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimated urban sewage generation | 72,368 million litres per day Reported value — scope clarification required | 2021 published inventory; uniform underlying observation cut-off not established Urban areas in India covered by the CPCB assessment | A historical national urban wastewater-load estimate. Limitations: An estimate rather than a measurement of every discharge. It is not current city-level sewage generation or industrial effluent volume. | Ministry of Jal Shakti / Central Pollution Control Board Official government release Record type: official assessment estimate Published: 2021-08-05 Publication checked: 2026-11-04 Period / coverage needs clarification |
| Assets accurately mapped | Not established Data required — not zero | Reporting period: Information Required Population and geography: Information Required | Proposed measure; no observed value is established here. Limitations: Define the measure, unit, reporting period and covered population; obtain a traceable dataset and review its suitability for this topic before using a number. | Source organisation: Information Required Direct source URL: not yet verified Source publication date: not established Verification status: Data required |
| Cross-connections closed | Not established Data required — not zero | Reporting period: Information Required Population and geography: Information Required | Proposed measure; no observed value is established here. Limitations: Define the measure, unit, reporting period and covered population; obtain a traceable dataset and review its suitability for this topic before using a number. | Source organisation: Information Required Direct source URL: not yet verified Source publication date: not established Verification status: Data required |
| Sewer overflow | Not established Data required — not zero | Reporting period: Information Required Population and geography: Information Required | Proposed measure; no observed value is established here. Limitations: Define the measure, unit, reporting period and covered population; obtain a traceable dataset and review its suitability for this topic before using a number. | Source organisation: Information Required Direct source URL: not yet verified Source publication date: not established Verification status: Data required |
Different surveys, administrative records, estimates and reporting years are not interchangeable. No combined IFT score is calculated from these rows.
Evidence coverage and review log (CSV) · Structured evidence register (JSON)
Section 02
Why the problem happens
Test the full source-to-service chain.
Incomplete or outdated as-built maps
Treat this as a hypothesis until records, field observation, seasonal evidence and credible alternatives are checked.
Utilities installed without shared corridor records
Treat this as a hypothesis until records, field observation, seasonal evidence and credible alternatives are checked.
Combined legacy systems
Treat this as a hypothesis until records, field observation, seasonal evidence and credible alternatives are checked.
Maintenance access blocked
Treat this as a hypothesis until records, field observation, seasonal evidence and credible alternatives are checked.
Section 03
How the parts work together
Components that must work together.
Drinking-water network
Define the responsible actor, operating standard, input, handoff, maintenance requirement, failure trigger and evidence record.
Sewer/wastewater network
Stormwater network
Pipeline and utility mapping
Leak, pressure and flow monitoring
Asset access and lifecycle management
Section 04
A solution suited to India
Match intervention to hydrogeology, settlement and service capacity.
Create surveyed, versioned underground asset maps.
Use colour/asset identification and safe separation standards.
Detect and remove illicit connections.
Upgrade combined systems progressively with overflow and treatment plans.
Decision checks
Safety; Water balance; Affordability; Equity; Operations; Ecology; Climate risk; Accountability
Section 05
Roadmap
Diagnose, protect, pilot, measure and institutionalise.
- 0–90 DAYS
- Verify & protect
Confirm the location, affected users, service chain, immediate health or safety risk, responsible agency and existing evidence.
- 3–18 MONTHS
- Controlled pilot
Map and inspect one high-risk utility corridor, correct cross-connections and create maintainable access records.
- 1–5+ YEARS
- Durable system
Fund operations, preventive maintenance, skilled teams, monitoring, public reporting, correction pathways and independent evaluation.
Section 06
Results
Measure service and outcomes—not assets alone.
KPI 01
Assets accurately mapped
Baseline · target · actual · unit · source · period · distribution
KPI 02
Cross-connections closed
Baseline · target · actual · unit · source · period · distribution
KPI 03
Sewer overflow
Baseline · target · actual · unit · source · period · distribution
KPI 04
Break/repair time
Baseline · target · actual · unit · source · period · distribution
KPI 05
Preventive inspections
Baseline · target · actual · unit · source · period · distribution
Section 07
Risks and protections
Water interventions can transfer risk across people, places and time.
- Risk: Excavation damage
Prevention · accountable owner · trigger · remedy - Risk: Maps exposing critical assets
Prevention · accountable owner · trigger · remedy - Risk: Unfunded separation mandates
Prevention · accountable owner · trigger · remedy
