Question 1
Which service or productive activity is affected by unreliable supply?
National priority 08 · Energy Security & Transition
Energy Security & Utilities
Reliable and resilient energy supply, utilities and essential service continuity.
Reliable energy for essential services and daily life.
Connect access, affordability, efficiency, supply, maintenance and resilience. Installed capacity does not by itself establish usable service. Compare options using the actual load, operating conditions, full cost and environmental implications.
Question 2
Are operation, repair and contingency arrangements practical?
Question 3
Does the option deliver useful, affordable service over time?
Data reference table
Evidence Snapshot
Read each value with its reporting period, population and limitations. A historical national reference is not a local baseline or proof that an IFT proposal works.
10 source-linked reference records. Publication checks do not independently reproduce the underlying data.
| Signal | Reference Value | Period / Population | How to Read It | Source Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-fossil share of installed electricity capacity | 50.08% (242.78 GW of 484.82 GW) Historical reference | As at 30 June 2025 India; installed electricity-generation capacity | Includes renewables, large hydro and nuclear. Limitations: Capacity stock, not generation share, dispatchability, local reliability or electricity consumed. | Ministry of New and Renewable Energy / PIB Official government release India’s Renewable Rise: Non-Fossil Sources Now Power Half the Nation’s Grid Published: 2025-07-14 Publication checked: 2026-11-04 Value, period and coverage checked in publication |
| Installed nuclear-electricity capacity | 8.78 GW Historical reference | As at 30 June 2025 India; nuclear installed generation capacity | Nameplate capacity of the nuclear component. Limitations: Not annual generation, plant availability, safety performance or a forecast. | Ministry of New and Renewable Energy / PIB Official government release India’s Renewable Rise: Non-Fossil Sources Now Power Half the Nation’s Grid Published: 2025-07-14 Publication checked: 2026-11-04 Value, period and coverage checked in publication |
| Installed large-hydro capacity | 49.38 GW Historical reference | As at 30 June 2025 India; large-hydro installed electricity capacity | Large hydro is distinguished from other renewables in the annexure. Limitations: Not hydrological availability, annual output, storage duration or project-level environmental approval. | Ministry of New and Renewable Energy / PIB Official government release India’s Renewable Rise: Non-Fossil Sources Now Power Half the Nation’s Grid Published: 2025-07-14 Publication checked: 2026-11-04 Value, period and coverage checked in publication |
| Installed solar-power capacity | 97.86 GW Historical reference | December 2024 India; solar installed capacity reported by MNRE | Capacity stock at the specified month. Limitations: Not solar electricity generated, a local supply guarantee or a measure of storage. | Ministry of New and Renewable Energy / PIB Official government release India’s RE Capacity Registers 15.84% Year-on-Year Growth Published: 2025-01-13 Publication checked: 2026-11-04 Value, period and coverage checked in publication |
| Installed wind-power capacity | 48.16 GW Historical reference | December 2024 India; wind installed capacity reported by MNRE | Capacity stock rather than generation. Limitations: Does not establish local wind resource, capacity factor or firm supply. | Ministry of New and Renewable Energy / PIB Official government release India’s RE Capacity Registers 15.84% Year-on-Year Growth Published: 2025-01-13 Publication checked: 2026-11-04 Value, period and coverage checked in publication |
| Installed bioenergy capacity | 11.35 GW Historical reference | December 2024 India; bioenergy capacity category reported by MNRE | Published category total for bioenergy. Limitations: Not a biogas-only total, local feedstock assessment or proof of sustainable fuel sourcing. | Ministry of New and Renewable Energy / PIB Official government release India’s RE Capacity Registers 15.84% Year-on-Year Growth Published: 2025-01-13 Publication checked: 2026-11-04 Value, period and coverage checked in publication |
| Aggregate technical and commercial loss of distribution utilities | 15.37% Historical reference | FY 2023 (2022–23) India; distribution utilities in the national figure | Combines technical losses and commercial performance. Limitations: Not only physical line losses; utility-level variation and underlying reporting must be examined. No causal effect of one technology is established. | Ministry of Power / PIB Official government release Households Electrified under Saubhagya Published: 2024-11-28 Publication checked: 2026-11-04 Value, period and coverage checked in publication |
| Average daily rural electricity supply | 21.9 hours/day Historical reference | FY 2024 (2023–24) India; rural areas in the parliamentary reply | A reported national rural average. Limitations: An average does not guarantee supply at a particular home, voltage quality or power during a critical period. | Ministry of Power / PIB Official government release Households Electrified under Saubhagya Published: 2024-11-28 Publication checked: 2026-11-04 Value, period and coverage checked in publication |
| Average daily urban electricity supply | 23.4 hours/day Historical reference | FY 2024 (2023–24) India; urban areas in the parliamentary reply | A reported national urban average. Limitations: Does not establish continuous 24-hour supply, feeder reliability or neighbourhood-level service. | Ministry of Power / PIB Official government release Households Electrified under Saubhagya Published: 2024-11-28 Publication checked: 2026-11-04 Value, period and coverage checked in publication |
| Households reported electrified since Saubhagya launch | Around 2.86 crore households Historical reference | Cumulative to 31 March 2022 India; households reported electrified since programme launch | Historical programme connection count. Limitations: A connection count is not proof of current use, affordability, voltage quality or continuous supply. | Ministry of Power / PIB Official government release Households Electrified under Saubhagya Published: 2024-11-28 Publication checked: 2026-11-04 Value, period and coverage checked in publication |
Different surveys, administrative records, estimates and reporting years are not interchangeable. No combined IFT score is calculated from these rows.
Evidence coverage and review log (CSV) · Structured evidence register (JSON)
Every available subject in this pillar
All 106 topics, organised here.
Read the topic names below and open the subject directly. The groupings are for navigation; each original topic remains separate.
Core subjects & practical pathways (30)
24×7 RELIABLE ELECTRICITY ›BIOGAS + RURAL ECONOMY ›CARBON & EMISSIONS ACCOUNTING ›CLEAN COOKING ›COAL TRANSITION ›COOLING SECURITY ›CRITICAL MINERALS ›DISTRIBUTION LOSS REDUCTION ›DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMATION ›Diverse Generation, Fuels & Import Security ›Efficiency, Buildings, Mobility & Clean Cooking ›ELECTRIC MOBILITY ›GLOBAL MODEL STUDY ›GRID CYBERSECURITY ›HYDROGEN ECONOMY ›HYDROPOWER ›JUST TRANSITION ›Master Cycles & Cross-Pillar Integration ›MICROGRIDS ›NATURAL GAS ›OIL SECURITY ›Project Priority, Maintenance & Employment ›ROADMAP ›SMART ELECTRICITY GRID ›SMART METERING ›SMART STREET LIGHTING ›STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVES ›TRANSFORMER & GRID EQUIPMENT SECURITY ›WHAT INDIA MUST NOT DO ›WHAT INDIA SHOULD DO ›
Technology, delivery & infrastructure (17)
AGRICULTURE SOLAR SYSTEM ›AI ENERGY EFFICIENCY ›ENERGY AUDIT SYSTEM ›ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE MAINTENANCE ›ENERGY SUPPLY-CHAIN RESILIENCE ›ENERGY TECHNOLOGY TESTING ›EV CHARGING NETWORK ›Farm, Cold Chain, Digital & Municipal Energy ›Global Learning & Technology Guardrails ›MASTER KPI SYSTEM ›MSME ENERGY SYSTEM ›MUNICIPAL ENERGY SYSTEM ›NATIONAL ENERGY SECURITY SYSTEM ›PHYSICAL ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE SECURITY ›RAILWAY ENERGY SYSTEM ›Storage, Microgrids & Critical-Service Security ›TRANSMISSION NETWORK ›
Resources, resilience & long-term planning (47)
BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE ›BIOENERGY ›BLACKOUT RESILIENCE ›BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY ›Bioenergy, Hydrogen, Minerals & Manufacturing ›COLD-CHAIN ENERGY ›Cyber, Physical & Disaster Resilience ›DISASTER-RESILIENT ENERGY ›DISTRICT ENERGY JOBS ›DISTRICT ENERGY MAP ›DISTRICT ENERGY SECURITY PLAN ›DOMESTIC ENERGY PRODUCTION ›ENERGY AFFORDABILITY ›ENERGY + ALL REIMAGINEINDIA PILLARS ›ENERGY + ENVIRONMENT ›ENERGY DEMAND FORECASTING ›ENERGY EMERGENCY RESPONSE ›ENERGY EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING ›ENERGY FOR LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS ›ENERGY IMPORT DIVERSIFICATION ›ENERGY MASTER CYCLE ›ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF CITIES ›ENERGY POVERTY ›ENERGY PROJECT FAILURE PREVENTION ›ENERGY RESEARCH MISSION ›ENERGY RESILIENCE PRINCIPLE ›ENERGY SECURITY TEST ›ENERGY STRESS TEST ›FARM ENERGY SECURITY ›FOOD + ENERGY NEXUS ›FREIGHT ENERGY TRANSITION ›HOSPITAL ENERGY SECURITY ›INDUSTRIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY ›INDUSTRY ENERGY SECURITY ›KPIs, Roadmap & Energy Master Model ›LONG-DURATION ENERGY STORAGE ›NATIONAL ENERGY EMPLOYMENT MISSION ›NATIONAL ENERGY LIFE-CYCLE ›NATIONAL ENERGY PROJECT PRIORITY ENGINE ›NUCLEAR ENERGY ›REIMAGINEINDIA ENERGY MASTER MODEL ›RENEWABLE ENERGY ›SOLAR ENERGY ›TARGETED ENERGY SUPPORT ›WASTE-TO-ENERGY ›WATER + ENERGY NEXUS ›WIND ENERGY ›
Evidence, measurement & accountability (7)
IFT working ideas · Proposals for research
Practical ideas to investigate.
These are questions and proposals to develop, not completed programmes or established results.
Critical service power reliability
Study outage patterns and suitable backup options for a defined essential service.
What must be checked
Test maintained usable supply and total cost, not installed capacity alone.
Local energy efficiency work
Compare practical building or process improvements against a measured baseline.
What must be checked
Check comfort, output and safe operation as well as energy use.
Utility resilience and repair capacity
Review maintenance, spare parts, restoration and contingency arrangements for a defined network.
What must be checked
Use appropriate public-safe evidence and accountable exercise results.
Connected priorities.
10 questions and answers
Questions about Energy Security & Utilities
Why is installed capacity different from reliable energy service?
A capacity figure does not show whether users receive usable supply when needed. Study interruptions, quality, affordability, repair and critical-service continuity.
How should an energy study define demand?
Identify the place, user or essential load, peak needs, timing and current failures. Compare actual operating conditions before choosing generation, network or storage options.
Why plan supply, networks and storage together?
They depend on one another to deliver service. The proposed review should trace where capacity, control, maintenance or a handoff limits the useful result.
What role can efficiency play?
Study whether the same useful task can be delivered with fewer losses or less demand. Compare the investment, operation and actual service outcome.
How should affordability be examined?
Record tariffs or fuel costs alongside reliability, coping expenses and maintenance. A low unit price alone may not describe the full burden on a user.
When should backup be considered?
Start with the essential function, acceptable disruption and recovery needs. Compare safe, maintainable alternatives rather than assuming one backup technology suits every setting.
What should a fuel or equipment dependency study include?
Examine critical inputs, suppliers, repair capability, replacement lead times and alternatives. State uncertainty and keep sensitive operational information appropriately controlled.
How should environmental effects enter energy decisions?
Compare land, water, emissions, materials, waste and end-of-life effects alongside delivered service. An improvement in one measure should not conceal harm elsewhere.
Who keeps the proposed system working over time?
Name the operating and maintenance teams, funding, spare-parts arrangements and fault-response route. These responsibilities should be agreed before expansion.
What would justify scaling an energy pilot?
Evidence should show useful reliable service, acceptable cost, safety and environmental performance, with the people and resources needed to sustain it.